劳动幸福权:通过劳动创造兑现的人之初始权利

Critique of Labor Felicity as a Primary Human Right Realized through Labor Creation

劳动幸福权是每个人与生俱来的不可转让的权利。这种权利是人的所有权利的源泉和基础,其他所有权利都是该权利的衍生和拓展。人的应有权利,包括生存权、发展权、解放权和尊严权等各种应有的权利都是通过劳动幸福权而得到解释和说明的。但是,法律并不能直接保护劳动幸福权,而只能将应有权利法定化,使其成为法定权利。所以,法律是规定法定权利和义务的社会规范系统。法定权利是依据应有权利而明确的。而应有权利必须要有终极价值支撑,那就是劳动幸福权。这样,劳动幸福权不是一种具体的权利事项,而是所有权利的总根源、总钥匙。劳动幸福权要基于"劳动确证人的类本质,克服各种异化,回归自由劳动,使人获得属人的属性"这样的人性假设基础才能加以解释。马克思恩格斯关于"劳动创造人"和"只有自由劳动才是幸福的"假设必然推论出劳动幸福权是每个人通过劳动创造把人从其余动物中提升出来的初始权利,也是人人都拥有的通过自身努力去克服劳动消极因素从而发挥其积极因素的平等权利。

Labor felicity is an inherent and non-transferable right of everyone.This kind of right is the source and foundation of all human rights,and all other rights are the derivation and expansion of this right.Human’s all due rights,including the right to existence,the right to development,the right to liberation and the right to dignity,are all clarified by the right to labor felicity.However,the right of labor felicity cannot be protected directly by the law,but can be represented by the due rights and further become legal rights.Therefore,the law is such a social norm system to regulate the legal rights and obligations,in which the legal rights must be based on the due rights.Because any legal rights must have their ultimate value support,that is,the right to labor felicity.Anyway,the right of labor felicity is not a specific right,but the total source and key of all rights.It can be explained only on the basis of Marx’s human nature hypothesis that any person must be confirmed to be like human being through overcoming all kinds of alienation,returning to free labor in order to obtain personal attributes.Marx’s hypothesis of"labor creates human being"and"only free labor can generate felicity"inevitably infers that labor felicity right is the initial right that every person promotes himself from animal to human being merely by means of labor creation.It also brings out the equal right for everyone through his own efforts to activate all positive factors of labor as well as to overcome any negative factors of hard working.