“人兽之辨”可以休矣

Critique of Debate on Distinction between Human and Beasts from Perspective of Scientific Outlook of Human Nature

"人兽之辨"是以往人性观的一个重要内容,迄今在中外学界仍然有着广泛的影响。但由于潜含着"人性在于兽性之不是"、"人比其他动物优越"、"人性善兽性恶"等规范性的预设,它常常用应然性意愿取代了实然性事实,结果不仅在理论上扭曲了人与其他动物的关系,遮蔽了人性的本来面目,而且在实践中也产生了负面的效应。只有否定传统的人兽之辨,以悬置非认知需要的价值中立态度探究整全意义上的人性以及人与其他动物的关系,才能建立起如实揭示真相的科学人性观。

The distinction between human and beasts is an important part of the previous views of human nature,and still has a wide influence in Chinese and foreign academic circles. However,due to its normative presuppositions such as"the human is superior to other animals"and "human nature is good and animal nature is evil",it often replaces the factual reality with the intentional will,with the result that it not only distorts the relationship between humankind and other animals and obscures the truth of human nature in theory,but also has negative effects in practice. Only by denying the traditional distinction between human and beasts,and exploring the human nature in the whole sense as well as the relationship between humankind and other animals by the neutral attitude of suspending non-cognitive needs is it possible for us to establish a scientific view of human nature that reveals the truth.