城市承办大型体育赛事生态风险评估体系的构建研究

Study on the Construction of Ecological Risk Assessment System for Large-scale Sports Events in Host City

大型体育赛事为城市发展创造良好的社会效益和经济效益的同时,也在一定程度上给城市生态环境带来了风险。运用文献资料法、专家调查法、层次分析等方法对城市承办大型体育赛事带来的生态风险类型、风险源、风险受体进行了分析,构建出一个由4个一级指标、14个二级指标、40个三级指标组成的生态风险评估体系。结果表明:城市承办大型体育赛事的生态风险类型主要分为生态失衡风险、生态空间占用风险、环境污染累积集中爆发风险、资源能源无序利用过度消耗风险;生态环境指标是诱发城市生态风险的首要因素,生态空间指标是诱发城市生态风险的次要因素,生物种群和能源资源指标是诱发城市生态风险的第三和第四个因素。结果显示在大型体育赛事承办过程中首先要加强对城市生态环境污染的防治;其次要做好城市建设规划,防止造成对城市生态空间和生态环境的剥夺与胁迫;再次,做好城市人口规划,合理控制外来人口规模;最后要提高城市居民环保意识,构建全民参与的生态环保社会行动体系。

Large-scale sports events can create good social and economic benefits for urban development,they may also bring risks to the urban ecological environment to a certain extent though.Using the methods of literature,expert survey,and analytic hierarchy analysis,this present paper analyzes the types of ecological risks,risk sources and risk suffers related to large-scale sports events in host cities,and constructs an ecological risk assessment system consisting of 4 first-level indicators,14 second-level indicators,and 40 third-level indicators.The results show that the ecological risk types of large-scale sports events in host cities are mainly divided into ecological imbalance risk,ecological space occupation risk,environmental pollution cumulative concentration outbreak risk,resource and energy disordered excessive consumption risk;ecological environmental indicator is the primary factor that causes urban ecological risk,urban ecological space indicator the second factor,and ecological population and energy resources indicator the third and the fourth factor respectively.The results suggest that in the process of undertaking large-scale sports events,we must first strengthen the prevention and control of urban ecological environment pollution;secondly,we must do a good job in urban construction planning to prevent the deprivation and coercion of urban ecological space and ecological environment;and next reasonably control the size of migrant population;finally,we must improve the residents’environmental awareness to build an ecological and social action system involving the whole population.