韩国新村运动的政策演进及其对中国乡村振兴的启示

The Policy Evolution of Korea’s Saemaul Undong and Its Enlightenment to China’s Rural Revitalization

韩国新村运动对韩国经济社会发展具有重要意义,在很大程度上改善了韩国在快速推动工业化和城市化进程中农业农村发展落后的局面,对中国贯彻落实乡村振兴战略具有重要借鉴意义。从韩国新村运动发起的背景出发,系统梳理其在不同时期的政策演进,探讨其在改善农村生活环境、开展系列新村教育、完善新村组织结构、完善法律保障、开发区域特产品及观光农业等方面的典型经验。依据韩国新村运动的重要经验,中国在深入实施乡村振兴战略过程中应重点解决农村基础设施和公共服务设施问题、培养高素质农民队伍、构建健全的组织协调机制、完善相关法律法规以及建立特色农业园区。

Korea’s Saemaul Undong is of great significance to its economic and social development and has greatly changed the backward situation of its agriculture and rural areas in the rapid industrialization and urbanization of Korea. Thus it provides important reference for China’s implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. In the perspective of the Saemaul Undong movement in Korea, this paper systematically analyses its policy evolution in different periods and probes into the typical experience in improving rural living environment, developing a series of saemaul education, perfecting saemaul organizational structure, completing saemaul legal guarantee, and developing regional special products and sightseeing agriculture. Based on the experience in the Saemaul Undong in Korea, it is put forward that in China the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy should focus on strengthening the construction of rural infrastructure and public service facilities, improving the quality of peasants, completing the mechanism of organization and coordination, perfecting relevant laws and regulations, and establishing characteristic agriculture parks.