元哲学问题与中国哲学的发展——对“如何做哲学”的几点思考

Metaphilosophical Issues and the Development of Chinese Philosophy

“如何做哲学”的问题涉及哲学的性质与方法等,属于元哲学的范围。由于对这一问题缺乏应有的思考,所以导致我们在哲学研究上存在一些不能令人满意的状况,尤其是缺乏创新性的成果。论文剖析了“元哲学”问题在儒学中的特殊表现——道统论,并分析了之所以导致上述结果的三方面原因。其一,缺乏一种在各类现象中发现哲学问题的思路,往往局限于在书本中讨学问;其二,对哲学的“普遍性”特征缺乏应有的认识,局限于“特殊性”的立场,这实际上是画地为牢,束缚了自己的思想;其三,通常不能提出自己对问题进行解释的概念,只能借用已有的概念乃至整个概念框架。

The issue of“how to do philosophy”involves the nature and method of philosophy,so it belongs to the scope of metaphilosophy.The lack of due thinking on this issue has led to some unsatisfactory conditions in our philosophical research,especially the lack of innovative results.This paper analyzes the special manifestation of“metaphilosophy”in Confucianism,i.e.“the Confucian orthodoxy theory”,and analyzes three reasons for the above results.The first is the lack of idea for finding philosophical questions in various phenomena,so it is often limited to learning in books.The second is the lack of proper understanding of the“universal”characteristics of philosophy,therefore it is limited to the“particularity”standpoint.This is actually a restriction for oneself and constrains one’s thoughts.The third is that since it is usually not possible to put forward one’s own concepts to explain the issues,we have to borrow only the existing concepts or even the entire conceptual framework.