审判中心主义下的刑事证明问题

On the Criminal Proof Under the Trial Centralism

审判中心主义下的诉讼证明应当以“人证”为中心展开证据调查,同时应当坚持“事实清楚、证据确实充分”的证明标准不动摇,保障“疑罪从无”原则真正能够贯彻落实。为实现庭审证明中的控辩平衡,应当保障律师的各项诉讼权利,尤其是申请权、申诉权和获得救济权。为实现辩护方在庭审中的有效证明,应当允许辩护人在发问、质证时进行举证,在质证中可以展开“小辩论”,人证作证完毕,法庭不应让其立即退庭,在控辩双方发表质证意见时其应当在场。为保障庭审能够集中持续进行,使诉讼证明活动围绕事实和证据的争点问题展开,应当完善庭前会议制度,并充分发挥该项制度的功能。对法庭适用普通程序审理的案件,应当及时认证,逐步提高当庭宣判率,真正做到“裁判结论形成在法庭”。实现以审判为中心的诉讼证明,还应当实行“起诉书一本主义”的移送起诉方式,防止法官形成不利于被告人的“预断”,同时建立证据开示制度;将目前“全覆盖”试点中的“程序说”标准修改为“检察官莅庭说”,进一步扩大法律援助范围;赋予被告人庭审中以沉默权,同时调整庭审调查顺序,将对被告人的调查放在其他证据举示完毕后进行。

Under the principle of trial centralism,the evidence investigation should be carried out with the“witness”as the center.At the same time,the proof standard of“clear facts and sufficient evidence”should not be wavered so as to ensure that the principle of“assuming disputed crimes innocence”can really be implemented.In order to realize the balance between the prosecution and the defense in the proof of trial,we should guarantee the lawyer’s various litigation rights,especially the right to apply,to appeal and to obtain relief.In order to realize the effective proof of the defense in the court trial,the defense should be allowed to provide evidence when asking questions and making cross examination,and doing“small debate”can be launched in cross examination.After the testimony of the defense is completed,the court should not allow the witness to leave the court immediately,and he or she should be present when both sides of the prosecution and the defense express their cross examination opinions.In order to ensure that the trial can be carried out in a centralized and continuous manner,and that the litigation proof activities can be carried out around the issues of facts and evidence,we should improve the pre-court meeting system and give full play to the function of the system.For the cases where the court applies the ordinary procedure to hear,it should be certified in time,and gradually improve the rate of sentencing in court so as to truly achieve“the judgment conclusion being formed in the court”.In order to realize the trial centered litigation proof,we should implement the one single copy of indictment transfer prosecution mode in order to prevent the judge from forming a“prejudgment”,which is not conducive to the defendant.We should establish the evidence disclosure system,change the“procedural theory”standard in the current“full coverage”pilot into“prosecutors coming to court”to further expand the scope of legal aid.Finally we should give the defendant the right of silence in the court trial to adjust the order of court investigation,and put the investigation of the defendant after other evidences are presented.