论乡村振兴背景下的能人治村——动力、过程与后果

Village Governance by Able Persons under the Background of Rural Revitalization:Motivation,Process and Consequence

在乡村空心化的背景下,推进乡村振兴战略首先要解决“谁来治村”的问题。强化基层治理主体,是推进乡村振兴战略的基础性工作。一些地区的基层政府引导外出精英返乡参与村庄经营开发,鼓励能人治村。理论界和政策制定者对返乡能人存在“泛道德化”想象,忽视乡土社会逐步解体的现实状况。实地考察发现,能人返乡的主要动力是“利益在村”。基层政府将乡村振兴工作交给返乡能人,他们通过控制村级权力来摄取公共利益,形成村庄私人治理局面。实施乡村振兴战略要坚持农民的主体地位,警惕脱离群众和过度依赖精英个人的政策思路。

In the context of village center becoming vacant,the primary issue is“who will govern the village”to promote the strategy of rural revitalization,by which the basic work is to strengthen the governance bodies at the grassroots level.In some areas,grassroots governments have encouraged migrant able persons to return home to participate in the management and development of villages and to govern villages.The theory circle and the policy circle have the“universal moralization”imagination to the returning able persons and ignore the reality of the gradual disintegration of the rural society.Field studies have found that the“benefit in the village”is the main motivation for able persons to return home.The grassroots government leaves the work of rural revitalization to the returnees,who absorb in the public interest by controlling the power at the village level,resulting in the situation of private governance in the village.It suggests that we adhere to the dominant position of farmers in carrying out the strategy of vitalizing rural areas,and become alert to such policy ideas as being divorced from the masses and relying too much on individual elites.