微化工技术在炸药制备中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Application of Micro-chemical Technology in Explosive Preparation

微化工技术基于微尺度下流动可控及混合、传递高效的特点,是实现化工过程绿色、安全、高效的重要途径之一。国内通过微化工技术合成了1-甲基-4,5-二硝基咪唑、3,4-二硝基吡啶、硝基胍、二硝基萘、硝化二乙二醇、硝化三乙二醇、三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯、1,2-丙二醇二硝酸酯、硝酸异辛酯等炸药和含能助剂,制备了CL-20微球和硝化棉基球形发射药;采用了内交叉趾并联多层化式HPIMM微混合器、玻璃微通道反应器、G1型脉冲式混合微反应器、芯片式微反应器、SIMM微反应器等不锈钢或玻璃材质微通道反应器,实现了物料的高效混合传递,提高了反应效率和过程安全性。

Micro-chemical technology is one of the important ways to realize the green, safe and efficient chemical process based on the characteristics of controllable flow and high efficiency of mixing and transferring under microscale. Based on microchemical technology, a series of explosives and energetic additives were synthesized, such as 1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole, 3,4-dinitropyridine, nitro-guanidine, dinitro-naphthalene, nitrifying diethylene glycol and nitrifying triethylene glycol, trihydroxy-methylethane trinitrate, 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, and isooctyl nitrate. CL-20 microspheres and NC spherical propellants were also prepared by microchemical technology. Stainless steel or glass material microchannel reactors, including inner cross toe parallel multilayer HPIMM micromixer, glass microchannel reactor, G1 type pulse mixed microreactor, chip microreactor, SIMM microreactor, were used. These reactors realized high efficiency mixing transfer of materials and improved reaction efficiency and process safety.