从弱关系到强关系:彝族自发移民的社会网机制——对宝乡空心化后彝族填充现象的田野调查

From Weakness to Strong Relations:Social Network Mechanism of Yi People’s Spontaneous Migration:Field Research on Filling Phenomenon of Yi People in Hollowing-out Baoxiang

宝乡汉族农村空心化发展产生的人口流失、土地房屋闲置、农村治理体系弱化等现象,为周边凉山贫困彝族的自发移民提供了基础。弱关系网络在早期的彝族迁入中起到了重要作用,而强关系网络在后期则发挥了关键功能,这种转变的逻辑基础,是移民实践中网络蕴含资源的差异与迁入者资源需求的匹配程度。迁入后,彝族能否在一定强度上保持自身内部的社会网,同时向本地汉族拓展网络边界,是获得本地可持续发展机会、争取更多贫困人口通过移民实现脱贫发展的关键。

The hollowing-out of rural development of Han people in Baoxiang has resulted in population loss,land abandonment,housing idleness and weakening of rural governance system,which has provided a basis for the spontaneous migration of poor Yi people in Liangshan.In the process of Yi people’s early immigration,the weak relationship network played an important role,while the strong relationship network played a key role in the later stage.The logical basis of this transformation is the matching degree between the differences of resources contained in the network and the resource needs of the immigrants in immigration practice.After immigration,the Yi people maintain their own internal social network links,and expand their social network boundaries to the local Han people,which is the key to obtain local sustainable development opportunities and strive for more poverty-stricken people to achieve poverty-free development through immigration.