伽达默尔“实践哲学转向”及其意义理解

Gadamer's Practical Philosophy Turn and Understanding its Significance

存在于伽达默尔解释学中的“实践哲学转向”,既是为伽达默尔本人所肯定也是为学界普遍认同的一种关于伽达默尔学术研究重心演变的基本看法。不过近年来,学界有些不同的意见。作为一个专门性问题加以深入的讨论,将使人们能够真正准确理解和充分把握伽达默尔的“解释学作为实践哲学”的核心性主题和思想实质。伽达默尔晚年曾明确指出,自《真理与方法》之后,他的研究转到了另一个完全不同的方向:实践哲学及社会科学问题。正是通过实践哲学的转向,并在与贝蒂、赫施、哈贝马斯、利科尔和德里达的批判与反批判论争中,伽达默尔的解释学的实践哲学维度得到了鲜明的展开,实践哲学作为“第一哲学”的地位和性质得以确立。这一转向也带来了哲学本身的多维度变革性意义,并引发了西方哲学从注重对世界事物的绝对的永恒的知识性认知的理论哲学向反思人类存在和行为意义的实践哲学的伟大转变,极大地推进了现当代实践哲学接续、重建和复兴的思想运动。

Practical philosophy turn in Gadamer's hermeneutics is both confirmed by himself and generally regarded by the scholars as the focus which changed Gadamer's academic research.The discussion of the specific topic will help to make accurate and full understanding of the essential subject and thoughts of Gadamer's hermeneutics as practical philosophy.In his late years,Gadamer pointed out that after Truth and Method,his research turned to the opposite direction-practical philosophy and social science issues.Just through practical philosophy turn,criticizing and counter-criticizing Betty,Hirsch,Habermas,Licol and Derrida,Gadamer's hermeneutical practical philosophy dimension is clearly shown and the position and quality of practical philosophy as the primary philosophy can be established.The turn also brings innovational significance to the multi-dimensions of philosophy itself and leads to the change of western philosophy,which as a theoretical philosophy seeking for absolute,perpetual knowledge perception,into a practical philosophy reflecting on human existence and the behavior significance.This greatly promoted the ideological movement of modern practical philosophy to continue,reestablish and revive.