法院如何对待行政解释——美国经验的借鉴意义

How Do Courts Deal with Agency Statutory Interpretation——Lessons We Can Learn from American Practice

美国联邦法院将行政规章中的法律解释看作诉讼一方的观点,使之与其他诉讼主体的法律解释平等竞争,再研判优劣,除非法院发现有更好的解释结论。于是,法院逐渐积累了大量从本质或形式上判断行政解释优劣的标准,并在个案中根据其与行政解释的相关性选用。但法院鉴于自身权力或司法能力有限,有时会主动放松甚至排除某些形式标准。有鉴于此,我国不仅可借鉴域外成熟的判断标准,更应重视行政解释,平等对待各方解释。

U.S federal courts view federal agencies’legal interpretations as opinions of one of the parties,letting it compare with the other parties’,then decide the best one to support or interpret statutes on their own if not satisfied.Cases after cases,federal courts accumulated many standards which could be used in deciding if administrative interpretations have merits in essential or unessential features,employing them according to the interpretations presented in specific cases.Considering its own authority or capacity,courts sometimes lower or even abandon some standards on unessential aspects.China thus not only could study their mature reviewing standards,but also should pay attention to the“interpretive race”in which all interpretations take parts.And most importantly,administrative interpretations deserve more focus.