走向环境治理的多元共治模式:现实挑战与路径选择

Towards Multiple Co-governance Model of Environmental Governance--Realistic Challenge and Path Choice

党的十九大报告针对生态文明建设提出了“构建政府、企业、社会和公众共同参与的环境治理体系”的指导思想,倡导在环境保护与环境治理领域引入共建共治共享的理念,打造基于多元主体共同参与的新型环境治理模式,为解决日益复杂化和动态化的环境治理问题提供了新思路,也为全球生态环境治理贡献了中国智慧。实践中,多元共治模式面临着环境治理权力结构安排不尽科学合理、跨部门治理主体间信息共享和协调性差、政府监管的权威性和有效性不足、企业主体性作用发挥不够以及社会力量参与的有效性和有序化偏低等诸多挑战。为此,需要从厘清多元主体职责分工、创新生态服务投入机制、优化环境治理协同机制、提升政府环境监管效能、引导社会力量有序有效参与等方面完善相应的制度安排,以推动新型环境治理体系高效运转起来。

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the guiding ideology of“constructing an environmental governance system involving the government,enterprises,society and the public”for construction of ecological civilization which advocated the concept of building a joint governance and sharing in the field of environmental protection and governance.The new environmental governance model in which multiple entities participate together provides new ideas for solving increasingly complex and dynamic environmental governance issues,and contributes to Chinese wisdom for global ecological environmental governance.In practice,the multiple co-governance model faces the many challenges,such as the unreasonable scientific and rational arrangement of environmental governance power,the poor information sharing and coordination between the cross-sector governance entities,the lack of authority and effectiveness of government supervision,and the insufficient role of corporate participation in environmental governance,and the effectiveness and orderly participation of social forces.Therefore,in order to promote the new environmental governance system to running efficiency,it is necessary to improve the corresponding institutional arrangements from clarifying the division of responsibilities of multiple entities,innovating the mechanism of input of ecological services,optimizing the coordination mechanism of environmental governance,improving the efficiency of government environmental supervision and guiding the orderly and effective participation of social forces.