民国南浔士绅见证的动荡时代--以张献廷及其《乘斋杂咏》为例

Turbulent Times Witnessed by Nanxun Gentry in the Republic of China--A Case Study of Zhang Xianting and His Miscellaneous Chants in Chengzhai

学术界对近代南浔社会的讨论,时间上主要在清季至1937年以前,且基本聚焦于地方精英与社会结构的变化方面,至于1937年以迄于1949年的情形,由于相关史料付诸阙如,成果相当有限。不过,张献廷的诗文集《乘斋杂咏》恰好涵盖了这个时期,有助于我们了解南浔社会底层的概况。《乘斋杂咏》从八个方面反映了当时的历史与时代现象:针对与军事活动有关者、作者及其家属的避难迁徙、旅寓沪上的闻见、对亲友百姓的悼亡、战火对人民居所与物质文化的摧残、兵匪合流及其肆虐乡里、有关汉奸的描述、民生困顿与社会黑暗。要之,《乘斋杂咏》多少填补了这一时期南浔社会史的空白,甚至也有助于厘清若干历史问题。

The discussion of modern Nanxun society in academic circles mainly focused on the changes of local elites and social structure from the Qing Dynasty to the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war. As for the situation from 1937 to 1949, the achievements are quite limited due to the lack of relevant historical materials. However, Zhang Xianting’s poetry collection Miscellaneous Chants in Chengzha just covers this period, which helps us to understand the general situation of the people at the bottom of Nanxun society. The book reflects the historical and contemporary phenomena from eight aspects: people who are related to military activities, the migration of the author and his family members, the news when living in Shanghai, the mourning of relatives and friends, the destruction of people’s residence and material culture by war, the confluence of soldiers and bandits and their rampant countryside, the description of traitors, the plight of people’s livelihood and social darkness. The Miscellaneous Chants of Chengzhai not only filled in the blank of social history of Nanxun in this period, but also helped to clarify some historical problems.