论清代碑学的经典建构及其社会认同

On Classical Construction and Social Recognition of Beixue in the Qing Dynasty

清代碑学乃一审美焦虑中的艺术变革,从朝廷到世俗,不同社会群体的立场和反应明显不同,碑学自然要冲破樊篱,构建新的图式。为了实现这一转向,以康有为为代表的碑学家进行了卓有成效的努力。只是,传统的文人群体难免产生一种美学焦虑,从碑学的被讥讽和排斥,到后来的被激赏和师法,最终在世变中实现了风格的转向。碑学在世变中改变了艺术史的叙述图式,同时也确立了自身经典的地位,而将清代书家的种种表现置于这一艺术风尚的具体历史迁变中,许多艺术现象和书家抉择,也就容易理解了。

Beixue,or the studies of steles,was an artistic change in the aesthetic anxiety in the Qing Dynasty( 1644-1911). From the imperial court to the secular world,the positions and reactions of different social groups were obviously different. It was a natural move for beixue to break through the barriers to construct new patterns. In order to achieve this change,beixue researchers represented by Kang Youwei made fruitful efforts. However,the traditional literati inevitably produced an aesthetic anxiety. This discipline,first riduculed at and rejected,gradually came to be appreciated and followed before eventually promoting a style shift in the world change. The study of the inscription changed the narrative pattern of art history in the change of the world,established the status of its own classics at the same time,and placed the various manifestations of the Qing Dynasty writers in the specific historical changes of this artistic style,many artistic phenomena and books.The choice of calligrapher is easy to understand.