《昌言》《中论》中的汉末风俗批评与审美思想

The Custom Criticism and Aesthetic Thought in Changyan(《昌言》)and Zhonglun(《中论》)

汉末名士仲长统著有《昌言》,徐干著有《中论》。二书批评汉末世风世俗,指责投机虚伪、道艺不修的士风士态,倡导"人事为本、天道为末",笔端直指王权与现实政治。二书描绘了审美的理想家园与君子形象,强调个体精神,崇尚自然与人文和谐的审美观,推崇容貌、才性、情志合一的人物品鉴观,倡导美育。《昌言》和《中论》中的风俗批评与审美思想,展示了士人试图建立合理政治秩序的理性思考,开启了魏晋批评与审美之路。

At the end of the Han Dynasty,the famous scholar Zhong Changtong wrote Changyan and Xu Gan wrote Zhonglun.The two books criticized the social customs in the end of Han Dynasty,critiqued the attitude and social atmosphere of the scholars who are hypocritical and do not improve their moral cultivation and artistic level,advocated"people first,natural-law last",and pointed out directly the malpractice of royal power and real politics.These books described the aesthetic ideal home and the image of a gentleman,emphasized on individual spirit,advocated the aesthetic view of harmony between nature and humanity,advocated the appreciation of human beings based on the unity of appearance,talent and emotion,and advocated aesthetic education.The custom criticism and aesthetic thought in Changyan and Zhonglun,opened the Wei and Jin Dynasty criticism and the esthetic road.