从杜威“经验”理论看深度学习的发生

Occurrence of Deep Learning From Dewey’s Experience Theory

全视角下的深度学习超越了认知科学的单一视角,将学生的学习看作是知识与能力、个体经验和社会意义协调发展的活动。杜威所倡导的“经验”理论,将新旧教育中种种对立的观点调和起来,以“经验”的视角实现了教师与学生、知识与经验、个体与社会的协调统一,恰恰促进了学生学习由机械的浅层学习向全面的深度学习转化。在“经验”理论的视角下,知识不是“已完成的产品”而是发展中的经验,学生不是被动的接受者而是主动的参与者,教学不再是机械地装填而是教师指导下学生个体经验的升级与转化。

A whole perspective deep learning transcends a single perspective of cognitive science and treats students’learning as activities that coordinate the development of knowledge and ability,individual experience,and social significance.The experience theory advocated by Dewey reconciles the opposing views of old and new education,and realizes the harmonization of teachers and students,knowledge and experience,individuals and society from the perspective of experience,which precisely promotes students’learning from rote learning to comprehensive deep learning.Experience theory holds that knowledge is not a finished product but developing experience;students are not passive recipients but active participants;teaching is no longer rote infusion but students’idiuidual experience upgrade and transformation under teachers’guidance.