跨学科博士生科研能力培养状况研究——基于48所研究生院的调查

Research on the Current Situation of Cultivating Interdisciplinary Doctoral Students’Scientific Research Ability:Based on the Survey of 48 Graduate Schools

对48所研究生院8064名博士生的问卷调查显示,原"985工程"高校招收的跨学科博士生比例高于原"211工程"(非"985工程")高校;人文社科类跨学科博士生比例较高,其次分别是工学、理学,农学和医学跨学科比例最低;院士、长江学者招收的跨学科博士生比例最高,其次是普通教授和普通副教授;源于内部动机读博的学生跨学科比例要高于源自外部动机的读博生。跨学科博士生的创新思维、前沿知识、跨学科知识、独立研究能力提升和入学前科研产出均显著高于非跨学科者,但在入学后科研产出上,跨学科与非跨学科博士生之间差异并不显著。研究认为,应基于跨学科博士生发展的特点,建立有效的交叉学科人才培养体系,同时充分考虑博士生与导师知识的匹配度,跨学科配置师资,加强对跨学科博士生的引导。

A questionnaire survey of 8064 doctoral students from 48 graduate schools shows that the proportion of interdisciplinary students enrolled in the former"985 Project"universities is higher than that in the former"211 Project"universities(non"985 Project").The proportion of interdisciplinary doctoral students in humanities and social sciences is higher,followed by those in engineering and science,with the lowest proportion in agriculture and medicine.The proportion of interdisciplinary doctoral students enrolled by academicians and Changjiang Scholars is the highest,followed by ordinary professors and associate professors.The proportion of interdisciplinary students from internal motivation is higher than that from external motivation.The innovative thinking,frontier knowledge,interdisciplinary knowledge,independent research ability and scientific research output of interdisciplinary doctoral students before admission were significantly higher than that of noninterdisciplinary students,but the difference between interdisciplinary and non-interdisciplinary doctoral students in scientific research output after admission was not significant.According to the research,an effective interdisciplinary talent training system should be established based on the characteristics of the development of interdisciplinary doctoral students.At the same time,the matching degree of knowledge between students and supervisors should be taken into full consideration.Through the interdisciplinary allocation of teachers,to strengthen the guidance of students.