病患的意义:从体验到概念的蜕变过程

The Meaning of Illness:A Process of Transformation from Experience to Concept

美国哲学家S.K.图姆斯基于本人罹患的播散性或多发性硬化症的直接经验,阐述了关于病患意义构成及其变化四个层次的观点,这是他对梅洛-庞蒂身体现象学思想的具体化和当下化的应用。通过对这四个层次观点的梳理(感觉经验层次、患病的体验层次、疾病的认识层次、疾病状态的认识层次),认为研究病患意义具有极大的临床价值:即了解和读懂患者赋予病患的各种意义,将有助于改变目前临床医学问诊将患者的体验转变为医学概念术语的蜕变过程,有助于改善医患关系,并且对医学诊断和治疗目标带来深刻的影响。

Based on her direct experience of multiple sclerosis(MS),American philosopher S.K.Toombs elaborated the four-level views about the meaning of illness and its changes,which was her concrete and current application of MerleauPonty’s thoughts on physical phenomenology.This article combs through these views,including the sensory experience,feeling sick,disease awareness,awareness of disease states,to get the clinical value of studying the meaning of illness:if we can understand the meaning that patients endow illness,that will help change the clinical medical consultation on the process of transforming patient’s experience into a medical concept term,helps improve doctor-patient relationship and has aprofound impact on medical diagnosis and treatment goals.