“家庭”的转型与重塑:一个鄂温克狩猎村庄的民族志研究

The Transformation and Rebuilding of“Family”:A Study of Ewenki Hunting Village's Ethnography

狩猎采集社会被当作是人类社会的原始模型——“活化石”,[1]狩猎采集社会研究一直是社会人类学非常重要的研究领域。笔者于2018年至2019年在内蒙古鄂温克自治旗伊敏苏木的吉登嘎查进行田野调查。本文通过对历史文献的整理,结合田野调查资料,探讨了在不同历史时期,鄂温克狩猎社会中“家庭”结构与功能的重塑方式。从这一轨迹中,我们可以了解狩猎社会中的家庭结构是如何随着社会转型的干预被重新塑造。同时,“家庭”的转型也反映了狩猎文化在现代化冲击下的脆弱性。

The hunting and gathering society is regarded as the primitive model of human society-“living fossil”.The study of hunting and gathering society has always been a very important field of social anthropology.From 2018 to 2019,the author conducted a field survey in Yimin Sumu,the only hunting village in Ewenki Autonomous Banner of Hulun Buir City.Based on the collation of historical documents and field investigation data,this paper explores the ways of remodeling the structure and function of“family”in Ewenki hunting society in different historical periods.From this trajectory,we can understand how the family structure in hunting society has been reshaped with the intervention of social transformation.At the same time,the transformation of“family”reflects the vulnerability of hunting culture under the impact of modernization.