中国海岛型旅游目的地生态安全综合评价与障碍因素研究

Research on comprehensive evaluation and obstacles of ecological security of island-type tourism destination in China

从可持续发展的视角,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应的DPSIR模型构建了海岛型旅游目的地生态安全评价体系,选取中国12个县级地域单元的海岛作为研究区,通过TOPSIS模型对其2018年的生态安全水平进行测度,并根据其贴近度指数划分为不安全、较不安全、比较安全、安全4个等级,引用障碍度模型对影响海岛型旅游目的地生态安全的障碍因素进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)洞头区、崇明区、定海区的生态安全等级为不安全;平潭县、嵊泗县、普陀区、玉环市和南澳县为较不安全;长岛县和岱山县为较安全;长海县和东山县为安全状态,研究区内海岛型旅游目的地的生态安全面临着较大威胁。(2)压力系统中海岛脆弱性和响应系统中生态保护力度是生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因素,而自然灾害对海岛的损害、环保资金支持力度不足以及有限的海岛空间承载量又是其中最关键的因素。基于障碍因素的诊断,提出了生态安全水平提升的策略,为保障我国海岛的生态安全提供实证参考。

From the perspective of sustainable development,based on the DPSIR model of driving force,pressure,state,impact and response,an ecological security evaluation system of island tourism destination was constructed.The island of 12 county-level regional units in China were selected as the research area,and its ecological security level in 2018 was measured by TOPSIS model.According to the proximity index,it was divided into four levels:unsafe,less safe,comparatively safe and safe.Meanwhile,the obstacle degree model was used to diagnose and analyze the obstacle factors affecting the ecological security of island tourism destination.The results show that:(1)The ecological security level of Dongtou District,Chongming district and Dinghai District was unsafe.Pingtan County,Shengsi County,Putuo District,Yuhuan City and Nan’ao County were less safe.Changdao County and Daishan County were relatively safe.Changhai County and Dongshan County were safe.The ecological security of island tourism destinations in the study area is facing a greater threat.(2)The natural vulnerability of islands in the pressure system and the ecological protection in response systems were the main obstacles to the improvement of ecological security level,while the damage caused by marine natural disasters to island tourist destinations,insufficient support for environmental protection funds,and limited island space carrying capacity were the most critical factor.Based on the above diagnosis of obstacle factors,this paper puts forward the strategies of improving the level of ecological security,which provides empirical reference for protecting the ecological security of islands in China.