国家权力、银行资本与民国时期农村合作社的异化

State Power, Bank Capital and the Alienation of Rural Cooperatives in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期中国农村合作社的发展是国民政府行使国家权力重构乡村社会秩序的结果,也是银行资本下乡的产物。随着权力下沉和资本下乡,农村合作社在建设过程中出现了舍"质"逐"量"、合作社管理者腐化以及农民利益遭受侵蚀等问题。民国时期的农村合作社偏离了自愿入社、民主管理和互助救济等基本原则,最终形成合作社的"异化"现象。

The development of rural cooperatives in the period of the Republic of China was the result of the national government exercising the state power to reconstruct the rural social order, and also the result of bank capital going to the countryside. Consequently, some problems emerged in the construction of rural cooperatives, such as pursuing the quantity of cooperatives at the cost of quality, corrupting the managers of cooperatives and eroding the interests of farmers. Cooperatives deviated from the basic principles of voluntary participation, democratic management and mutual aid, and finally led to their alienation.