高水头溢洪洞水力学及结构动力安全原型观测研究

Hydraulic and Structural Dynamic Safety Prototype Observation and Analysis of a High-head Spillway Tunnel

依托贵州省黔中水利枢纽工程,研究高山峡谷地区高水头溢洪洞出口挑流体型设计及其闸门结构动力安全问题。原型观测针对溢洪洞出口地形陡峭特点,采用无人机、高速摄影、表面流场测量系统LSPIV、高精度振动监测仪器等设备,对研制开发的适合于两岸陡峭、河道狭窄地区溢洪洞出口挑流消能的特种扭鼻坎体型挑流水舌形态进行了监测,得到了这种挑流鼻坎形成的水舌空中翻转、撒开,归槽后冲击动量显著减少,消能效果明显的效果。此外也对泄洪过程中闸门结构的动力性态进行了监控论证,获得了金属结构的振动响应参数,为溢洪洞水力结构动力安全性评估提供了可靠依据。最后通过不同闸门开度的振动加速度、动位移及动应力响应量值分析,提出了闸门结构的运行操作规程。

In this paper, by taking Yuzhong Hydro-Junction in Guizhou Province as an example, the deflecting-flow-type design of the High Head Spillway and the dynamic safety of the gate structure in the high-mountain gorge areas was analyzed by a prototype observation. This prototype observation mainly focus on the steep terrain of the spillway, where equipment such as drone, high-speed photography, Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry(LSPIV), high-precision vibration monitoring instrument, etc. were also adopted. By applying these tools, the shape of the water jets adopting trajectory energy dissipation by abnormal distorted deflecting bucket was monitored. The result shows after the water jets turn over, sprinkle through the air and drop in the sink, the impact momentum is significantly reduced, which means the energy dissipation effect is obvious. In addition, the dynamic performance of the gate during flood discharge was monitored and demonstrated, and the vibration response parameters of the metal structure were obtained, which could provide reliable basis for the dynamic safety assessment of the spillway hydraulic architecture.