重提玄思的魅与惑——再提王弼、汤用彤与玄学相关的问题

Reexamining the Charms and Confusions of Dark Learning Thought:Issues Relating to Wang Bi,Tang Yongtong,and Dark Learning

作为一种特殊的思维方式,魏晋王弼的玄学思想及近现代汤用彤对魏晋玄学的研究,都有极重要的标志性。这种与现代学术中的“哲学”相关的玄学之思(玄思),如置放在中国文化中,尤其是置放在儒家传统思想的脉络中来考量,其曾经发生过的作用究竟是什么?本文将从“魅与惑”,对玄学与玄学研究的作用作双重的断定:“魅”不仅是强调作为一种特殊的思维方式,玄学(尤其是王弼的玄学)和玄学的研究(主要是讨论汤用彤的玄学研究),对中国思想史上一些重要问题的解决有不可替代的作用,并且这种作用在今天仍有魅力。“惑”则是指出王弼的玄学和汤用彤的玄学研究,一直留给中国思想史的发展一些疑惑未解的问题。同时,本文将从三个方面将玄思“魅”与“惑”双重作用,置放在儒学的背景下来进行分析:分析魏晋玄学问题与儒学发展的关系;分析王弼玄学思想对儒学发展的双重作用;透过汤用彤的魏晋玄学研究,进一步分析王弼玄学问题在当代的回响。

Wang Bi’s Dark Learning thought and Tang Yongtong’s modern studies of Dark Learning have both played a very important role in Chinese intellectual history. Dark Learning thought is related to modern philosophy. If examined against the development of the Confucian tradition, what role did this kind of thought actually play? This paper explores the dual role of Wang Bi’s Dark Learning and Tang Yongtong’s studies of Dark Learning. It focuses on the dual role of charms and confusions in three respects: first, the relationship between Dark Learning and the development of Confucianism;second, the dual role of Wang Bi’s Dark Learning thought in the development of Confucianism;and third, an analysis of Tang Yongtong’s studies of Wei–Jin Dark Learning, reflecting the repercussions of Wang Bi’s thought in modern times.