巴西可再生能源政策演进及对我国的启示

Evolution of Brazil’s Renewable Energy Policy and Revelation to China

自建1996-2017年巴西可再生能源政策数据库,对巴西可再生能源政策演进进行阶段划分,剖析不同阶段政策演进差异。第一阶段,巴西最常使用标准制定、财政支持和合作支持等管制类和支持类政策手段;第二阶段,巴西着重使用政府监管、基础设施建设和市场保护等管制类和保障类政策手段;第三阶段,巴西最常使用税收优惠和能效标识等支持类和管制类政策手段;第四阶段,巴西着重使用拍卖支持等支持类政策手段。根据巴西可再生能源政策的演进规律,对我国可再生能源政策提出全面推进管制类政策的使用、统筹布局支持类政策的使用和持续完善保障类政策的使用等建议。

Establish the Brazilian renewable energy policy database from 1996 to 2017,divide the evolution of renewable energy policy in Brazil into four stages and analyze the differences in policy evolution at different stages. In the first phase,the most commonly used policy instruments in Brazil are regulatory and supportive ones,such as standard setting,financial support and cooperative support;in the second phase,Brazil focuses on using control and safeguard policies means such as government supervision,infrastructure construction and market protection;in the third phase,Brazil most often uses supporting and regulatory policies such as tax incentives and energy efficiency labels;in the fourth phase,Brazil focuses on using support policy means such as auctions. According to the evolution of Brazil’s renewable energy policy,several suggestions for China’s renewable energy policy are proposed such as comprehensively promoting the use of control policies,coordinating the distribution of the use of support policies,and continuously improving the use of safeguard policies.