论特朗普政府的新海洋政策——基于特朗普与奥巴马两份行政令的比较研究

Trump Administration s New Ocean Policy—A Comparative Study of Two Executive Orders by Trump and Obama

美国特朗普政府执政后,将“美国优先”的竞选承诺付诸内外政策的各个领域,包括海洋政策。2018年6月,特朗普签发名为《关于促进美国经济、安全与环境利益的海洋政策》的第13840号行政令,取代了奥巴马于2010年发布的第13547号《关于海洋、海岸带与五大湖管理的行政令》。特朗普将奥巴马政府保护海洋环境和推动可持续发展为主的海洋政策转向以开发利用海洋服务于美国的国家安全和经济利益为主。这一转变与目前国际社会对海洋综合治理与“可持续发展”的理念不相符,不仅将对美国的海洋政策和相关实践产生重要影响,对全球海洋治理也会产生不小影响。

With Donald Trump s administration in power in the United States,“America first”have been put into practice in every area of domestic and foreign policy,including ocean policy.In June 2018,Trump Executive Order 13840,titled“Ocean Policy to Advance the Economic,Security,and Environmental Interests of the United States,”replacing President Obama s Executive Order 13547-“Stewardship of the Ocean,Our Coasts,and the Great Lakes”,issued in 2010.Trump shifted the previous administration s ocean policy,which focused on protecting the marine environment and promoting sustainable development,into one that focused on developing and exploiting the oceans to serve America s national security and economic interests.This change will undoubtedly have an important impact on the ocean policy and related practices of the United States.It is also different from the current international concept of comprehensive ocean governance and“sustainable development”and will undoubtedly have a significant impact on global ocean governance.