野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交后代不同品种(系)的光合特性比较与聚类分析

Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and cluster analysis in Glycine soja and strains from Glycine soja × Glycine max cross

为发现高光效亲本,以野生大豆及其与栽培大豆的杂交后代品种(系)为研究对象,研究其在田间条件下的光合特性,以评价杂交品系的育种潜力。所有试验材料于2017年同时种植于通辽市查金台牧场,小区种植,随机排列,土壤条件、环境条件和管理条件一致。在自然条件下测定15个材料的光合参数,并对其进行单因素方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析以及判别分析。结果表明,所有杂交后代及野生大豆光合参数都表现出显著差异。净光合速率与羧化效率、水分利用效率及蒸腾速率极显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度和SPAD极显著负相关。筛选出5个划分光合能力的参数,分别为净光合效率(Pn)、羧化效率(CE)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)。以5个光合参数对野生大豆及其与栽培大豆杂交后代品种(品系)进行聚类分析,可将其分为3类,并建立3个判别能力高的判别模型。通过对光合特性的评价,选出10个光合特性较好品种(品系),包括600、9010、9004、0004、9006、0005、9002、9008、内农S002饲用大豆和9014,具有高净光合速率、低胞间CO2浓度、较高蒸腾速率、高羧化效率等特点。这些品种(品系)在产量及生物量表现也较好。

The objective of this study is to compare the photosynthetic characteristics of Glycine soja and varieties(strains) from Glycine soja × Glycine max cross under field conditions, to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating breeding potential, and to provide high-efficiency parents for photosynthetic physiological breeding. All tested materials were planted in Chajintai Ranch in Tongliao City in 2017. Photosynthetic parameters of 15 tested materials were determined under natural conditions, and one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were performed. The results showed that the photosynthetic parameters of Glycine soja and varieties(strains) from Glycine soja × Glycine max cross showed significant differences.Pnwas significantly positively correlated with CE, WUE and Tr, and significantly negatively correlated with Ci and SPAD. Five parameters for dividing photosynthetic capacity were selected, including Pn, CE, Tr, Ciand WUE. Cluster analysis of Glycine soja and varieties(strains) from Glycine soja × Glycine max cross with 5 photosynthetic parameters were divided into 3 categories, and 3 discriminant models with high discriminative ability were established. By evaluated the photosynthetic characteristics, 10 varieties(strains) with high net photosynthetic rate and low intercellular CO2 concentration, higher transpiration rate, high carboxylation efficiency were selected, including 600, 9010,9004, 0004, 9006, 0005, 9002, 9008, F-wild soybean hybrid S002 and 9014. These varieties(strains) also performed well in yield and biomass.