唐宋时期岳镇海渎管理研究——以“庙令”为中心

Research on Management of Mountain and Sea Temples in Tang and Song Dynasties--Temple Magistrate Centered

唐宋时期,朝廷采取委派官员的方式直接管理岳镇海渎祠庙。唐代,其官称作"岳渎令"、"庙令"或"岳令"、"渎令"等,始置于武德七年,品秩、俸禄较低,祝史、斋郎等僚属员额不定。宋循唐前例,最早于开宝六年设置岳镇海渎"庙令"。"庙令"初由祠庙本处县令兼任,后改为专职,官员多以"降黜"、"佚老"、"优贤"等名目任职并虚领俸禄。北宋时,五岳"庙令"改称为"主管岳庙""、监岳庙",但其冗禄无用的虚职属性则始终未变。

During the Tang and Song dynasties, the government arrange officials to manage the temple of famous mountains and seas directly. In Tang Dynasty, the official with low position and wage who manage the temples of famous mountains and seas is called "mountain and sea magistrate", "temple magistrate", "mountain magistrate", "sea magistrate" and so on. The officials above are first set in the seventh year of Wu De, with variable subordinates. The Song Dynasty follows the Tang Dynasty, the first "temple magistrate" official are set in the sixth year of Kai Bao. At the beginning, "temple magistrate" was served by the county magistrate, then it turned to be a professional position which was served by officials who was demoted or retired to get a salary. In North Song Dynasty, the name of "temple magistrate" are renamed as "director of mountain temple", "supervisor of mountain temple". However, the property of its weak authority never changed.