中国两个城镇化率的时空分异研究

Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Two Urbanization Rates in China

中国的城镇化进程历来存在常住人口城镇化率与户籍人口城镇化率两个指标,缩小两个城镇化率之差是新型城镇化建设的重要目标与核心任务。从时间维度上看,全国层面的两个城镇化率之差持续扩大,体现出城镇化进程中经济效率与公共服务发展的不同步性。从空间维度上看,省市层面两个城镇化率直接相减不具备经济意义,引入半城镇化率的空间分异考察,发现全国各地区半城镇化水平随时间推移普遍扩大,整体呈现东高西低、南高北低的空间分布格局。缩小两个城镇化率差距,根本在于提高公共服务质量。在具体政策的推行中,需要重点强调户籍制度改革的公平性原则、更好地引导农村转移劳动力适应城镇化进程、因地制宜地提高各地区城镇化完成质量。

There exist two urbanization rates in China,one for resident population and one for household population.Narrowing the gap between these two urbanization rates is the core mission during the construction of New Urbanization. From temporal dimension,the difference between the two urbanization rates on national level has been enlarged continuously,which displays imbalanced development between economic efficiency and public services. From spatial dimension,the difference on provincial level has no economic significance. When turning to analyzing spatial differentiation of semi-urbanization rates,it is clearly showed that overall semi-urbanization is enhancing with individual regions demonstrating different developing rates,which are higher in eastern and southern regions and lower in western and northern regions. Fundamental solution lies in lifting the urbanization rate of household population through the improvement of public services. In detail,it is essential to emphasize fairness principle in the reform of household registration system,to guide rural labor to better suit in the process of urbanization,and to enhance urbanization quality according to regional characteristics.