教育获得的性别差异及其变动趋势研究--基于CGSS2008~2015数据分析

Gender Differences in Education and Their Changing Trends:Based on CGSS 2008~2015 Data Analysis

基于2008~2015年中国综合社会调查数据,利用OLS回归分析方法,从个体特征、家庭社会经济地位、地区环境等方面,对男性和女性的教育获得进行影响因素分析,并进一步运用Oaxaca-Blinder分解对其存在的性别差异进行检验。研究得出以下结论:第一,性别间的教育不公平在农村、少数民族及西部地区群体内部仍然突出。第二,性别变量对人们的教育获得有显著的正向影响,男性受教育程度比女性受教育程度高。第三,民族对男女教育获得的影响存在差异,而户籍、出生年份、14岁时家庭阶层、父辈受教育程度、父辈职业地位等变量都对男女的教育获得都存在显著性影响,且对女性教育获得的影响均大于男性。第四,总体来看,造成教育获得性别差异的主要原因是性别歧视,但各年代间存在差异,30年代到70年代造成教育获得性别差异最主要原因是性别歧视。而从80年代开始,户籍、出生年份、民族、父辈受教育程度和地区是导致性别差异的主要因素。因此,政府应加强教育资源供给,完善教育资源配置,同时推进户籍制度改革,拓宽低学历人群发展渠道;并且调整性别角色期待,提高教育公平理念和意识,完善教育法规政策,积极发展女性教育,以此来推进教育性别平等化的实现。

Based on the 2008~2015 China Comprehensive Social Survey data,OLS regression analysis method is used to analyze the factors affecting the education of males and females in terms of individual characteristics,family socioeconomic status,and regional environment,and further use Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition tests the gender differences in its existence. The study draws the following conclusions:First,the unfair education between the sexes is still prominent within the rural,ethnic,and western regions. Second,gender variables have a significant positive impact on people’s educational attainment,and men are more educated than women. Third,there are differences in the influence of ethnic groups on the education of men and women,and the variables such as household registration,year of birth,family class at 14 years old,education level of fathers,and occupational status of fathers all have significant influence on the education of men and women,and The impact on women’s education is greater than that of men.Fourth,on the whole,the main reason for the gender difference in education is gender discrimination,but there are differences between different years. The main reason for the gender difference in education in the 1930 s and 1970 s was gender discrimination. Since the 1980 s,the household registration,the year of birth,the ethnic group,the education level of the father and the region are the main factors leading to gender differences. In summary,this paper believes that the government should strengthen the supply of educational resources,improve the allocation of educational resources,promote the reform of the household registration system,broaden the channels for the development of low-education populations,and adjust the expectations of gender roles,improve the concept and awareness of educational fairness,improve education regulations and policies,and actively develop Female education,in order to promote the realization of gender equality in education.