以批判性思维培养为导向的高校教学模式研究

Research on the Teaching Mode in Higher Education Oriented by the Cultivation of Critical Thinking

培养学生批判性思维已成为高等教育的核心任务之一。当前我国批判性思维教学模式以专设型为主,但学生难以将批判性思维应用于专业学习的场域。批判性思维的内涵、特性以及高等教育的目标都决定了设计以批判性思维培养为导向的融入式新型教学模式具有十分重要的意义。本研究以建构主义学习理论和批判性思维理论为基础,从课堂各阶段教学任务、教学步骤以及教师角色定位三个层次构建新型的教学模式。新型教学模式具有突出的特色和优势,但要想达到良好的教学效果还应注意教学目标的设立、课程内容、考核评估、与慕课配合应用以及批判性思维教学文化建设等方面的问题。

The cultivation of students’critical thinking has become one of the core tasks of higher education.We have found that currently,the teaching mode of critical thinking in China are most specialized courses,but those are difficult for students to apply what they learn to their majors.The connotation of critical thinking,the characteristics of critical thinking and the goals of higher education all determine that it is significant to design a new type of professional discipline teaching mode which is oriented by critical thinking cultivation.This research is based on constructivism learning theory and critical thinking theory and it constructs a new teaching mode from three levels:teaching tasks,teaching steps and teacher role orientation.The new teaching mode has prominent characteristics and advantages but more attention should be paid to the establishment of teaching objectives,the arrangement of curriculum contents,the settings of assessment and evaluation,the cooperation with MOOC and the teaching culture construction of critical thinking if we want the new teaching mode to achieve more satisfying teaching effect.