使役句“让”和「させる」的汉日对比研究--基于语义用法的新分类

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Causative Sentences Using "Rang" and"Saseru":A New Classification Based on Semantic Usage

以往使役句的汉日对比研究多基于日语「させる」的早期分类展开。本文将汉语使役句特有的语义用法也纳入研究范畴,借鉴日语近期的分类成果,重新梳理了汉日使役句"让"和「させる」的语义用法、句式特点及对应关系,并进一步指出了不对应情况的汉日互译形式:①指示容许;②心理诱发;③他动为两者共通的语义用法,均存在汉日对应和不对应情况;④客体原因;⑤间接命令;⑥行为规定为汉语特有;⑦反身;⑧责任为日语特有的语义用法。

In previous studies,the comparison of Chinese and Japanese causative sentences was mainly based on the early classification of Japanese"saseru"in causative form.This study takes both the unique semantic usage of Chinese causative sentences and the recent categorization of Japanese causative sentences into consideration and tries to reorganize the semantic usage and sentence characteristics of Chinese and Japanese causative sentences using"rang"and"saseru"and the correspondence between them.This paper further discusses the non-correspondence in the Chinese-Japanese translation of causative sentences.The common semantic usages of both include permission,psychological induction,and transitive verbs,which all have correspondence and non-correspondence.The semantic usages including objective cause,indirect orders and behavioral rules are unique to Chinese.The semantic usages,including reflexive and responsibilities,are unique to Japanese.