摘要
传统的相转化过程主要通过相分离的热力学及动力学因素对聚合物膜的微孔结构进行调控,该过程是一个典型的物理过程,不涉及膜的表/界面功能调控。微孔膜的表/界面功能如抗污染性能、抗菌性能和抗凝血性能等对于分离性能具有重要影响。本文提出了基于相转化全过程赋予聚合物微孔膜表/界面特定化学功能的方法,即"化学相转化",其本质是围绕相转化全过程控制功能分子在膜及微孔表面的迁移路径及固定方式,实现了膜的表/界面功能化。总结了通过"化学相转化"进行聚合物微孔膜的表/界面功能化策略,根据功能分子迁移路径可分为:基于铸膜液的由内而外(Inside-out)迁移及原位交联功能化策略、基于凝固浴的由外而内(Outside-in)迁移及离域交联功能化策略、基于微孔膜的自上而下(Top-down)迁移及界面交联功能化策略,从而实现了聚合物微孔膜的表/界面功能化改性及其在水处理、油水分离和血液净化等方面的应用。"化学相转化"理论为高性能、多功能聚合物微孔膜的制备及其分离应用提供了新的研究思路。功能分子的引入也会对相转化过程产生影响,从而影响膜的微孔结构,本课题组将从微孔结构调控和表/界面功能化这两个方面完善"化学相转化"理论。
Traditional phase inversion process mainly involves the pore structure regulation of polymeric membranes via controlling the kinetics and thermodynamics, which is a typical physical process, rarely regulating membrane surface/interface properties. However, the surface/interface properties, such as anti-fouling, anti-bacterial and non-clotting performances, influence the separation performances substantially. We propose a "chemical phase inversion" in this paper,which endows the membrane with specific chemical functional surfaces/interfaces during phase inversion process. The key point is to manipulate the migrating route and fixing configuration of funcntional molecules during phase inversion process to accomplish the surface/interface functionalization of polymeric membranes. We summarize the surface/interface functionalization strategies through "chemical phase inversion", which can be classfied into, the inside-out migration and insitu cross-linking functionalization strategy based on casting solution, the outside-in migration and off-site cross-linking functionalization strategy based on coagulation bath, and the top-down migration and interfacial cross-linking functionalization strategy based on microporous membranes. According to the differences of the modifiers and the posttreatment process, the membrane can be endowed with excellent anti-fouling, anti-bacterial and non-clotting performances,respectively. The strategies are utilized to modify the microporous membranes for water treatment, oil/water separation and hemodialysis etc. Therefore, the theory of "chemical phase inversion" provides a new research idea for the preparation and separation of high-performance and multifunctional polymeric microporous membranes. However, the introduction of modifiers will also have an impact on phase inversion process, thereby affecting membrane microporous structures. We will further improve the "chemical phase inversion" theory from the view of microporous structure regulation and surface functionalization in later researches.
作者
李田田
刘富
LI Tiantian;LIU Fu(Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《功能高分子学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期210-225,共16页
Journal of Functional Polymers
基金
国家自然科学基金(51673209,5161101025)
国家重点研发计划“重点基础材料技术提升与产业化”重点专项(2017YFB0309604)。
关键词
聚合物微孔膜
化学相转化
迁移
表/界面
功能化
polymeric microporous membranes
chemical phase inversion
migration
surface/interface
functionalization