选择透过式皮肤防护材料研究进展

Research Advances in Selectively Permeable Materials of Skin Protection

从传统化学武器威胁到次生化学灾害、化学恐怖等非传统化学威胁,化学防护服始终是抵御化学威胁的重要装备。随着威胁形势不断朝着隐形变异发展,迫切需要在防护原理和新材料上取得突破,以实现化学防护服在广谱防护能力和生理舒适性上的综合提升。以选择透过性材料为研究对象,阐明其作用原理,综述了离子交换膜、碳基高分子复合材料、金属有机骨架材料(MOF)高分子复合材料、多金属氧酸盐(POM)高分子复合材料、消毒功能高分子等多种类型的选择透过性材料,并对其防护、消毒、透湿等性能进行了介绍,提出了选择透过性材料的可能研究发展方向。

Chemical weapons were applied on a large scale for the first time in World War I.In its continuous development,chemical weapons showed such characteristics as wide killing range,long killing time,multiple poisoning route and low manufacturing cost,which caused a major threat to national security and social stability,thus aroused the general attention of military scientists.From traditional chemical weapons to non-traditional chemical threats such as secondary chemical disasters and chemical terror,chemical protective clothing has always been important equipment to resist these threats.After the development of nearly a century,chemical protective clothing has formed a series mainly composed of air-impermeable and air-permeable type.With the constant development of the threat situation towards stealth variation,it is urgent to make breakthroughs in the principle of protection and new materials,so as to realize the comprehensive improvement of the broadspectrum protection ability and physiological comfort of chemical protective clothing.Recently,a new type of chemical protective clothing called selectively permeable type came into being and caused wide attention.This kind of protective clothing has excellent comprehensive performance,whose core is selectively permeable material.This selectively permeable material can make a reliable barrier against toxic chemical agents and an efficient transmission of water vapor.According to the different types and mechanisms of selectively permeable materials,this paper reviews the materials based on the ion exchange membranes,carbon-based polymer composites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)polymer composites,the polyoxometallates(POMs)polymer composites,decontamination functional polymers,and introduces the protection,decontamination,moisture permeability,and other properties.