工业机器人应用对我国劳动力就业影响的研究

Research on the Impact of Industrial Robot Application on Labor Employment in China

本文基于我国30个省份2005~2017年的面板数据,构建计量模型分析工业机器人的应用对我国劳动力就业的影响。实证结果显示,工业机器人的应用对就业具有显著的替代效应。工业机器人作为一种内生的技术进步,对中国制造业生产率的提升具有重要的促进作用,并以生产率提高为主要传导机制,对我国制造业就业市场产生负向影响。本文认为,未来制造业必然向着自动化和智能化的方向发展,对生产效率和产品精度的要求将会进一步提高,对工业机器人的需求也将进一步扩大。因此重视教育和技能培训、引领劳动力向高技能发展,鼓励新型业态发展创造更多就业机会以及完善社会保障制度和失业扶持政策是平衡工业机器人应用与劳动力就业的有效举措。

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017,this paper constructs a measurement model to analyze the impact of the application of industrial robots on the employment of labor in China.The empirical results show that the application of industrial robots has a significant substitution effect on employment.As an endogenous technological advancement,industrial robots have an important role in promoting the productivity of China’s manufacturing industry,and the productivity transmission as the main transmission mechanism has a negative impact on the manufacturing employment market in China.The article also points out that in the future,the manufacturing industry will inevitably develop towards automation and intelligence.The requirements for production efficiency and product accuracy will be further improved,and the demand for industrial robots will be further expanded.Therefore,attaching importance to education and skill-training,leading the development of high-skilled labor force,encouraging new industry development,creating more employment opportunities,and improving social security systems with unemployment support policies are effective measures to balance industrial robot applications and labor employment.