乡村教师如何助力乡村振兴--基于职业作用的调查与思考

How Rural Teachers Accelerates Rural Revitalization:Based on the Investigation and Thinking of Professional Role

乡村教师之于乡村的意义,不止于乡村教育,而是关乎乡村社会、经济与文化的全面进步。在不同历史时期,乡村教师起到了启发民智、化民成俗、传承文化、协管乡村治理、参与农业生产等诸多作用。随着社会经济的快速发展以及西方价值观念的渗入,乡村文化中原有的伦理价值判断被当下功利主义价值观所掩盖,乡村教师在乡村社会中的地位下降,乡村教师职业作用范围出现"收缩性"改变。乡村振兴背景下,做好乡村青少年培养工作,振兴乡村文化,实现个人价值和乡村社会需求的契合,是新时代赋予乡村教师的历史使命。然而对中西部地区国家级连片贫困区300多名乡村教师的调查显示:当前乡村教师职业作用的发挥并不理想,面临场域窄化、作用维度失衡、内容泛化、认知偏差、阻抑因素多等困境。虽然乡村教师有较高的助力乡村振兴的意愿,但乡村教育资源缺乏、乡村社会公共服务设施不全等不利因素制约了乡村教师职业作用的发挥。教师助力乡村振兴的实现需要外界条件支持和乡村教师自身发力。为此,需要全社会形成大教育观共识、落实乡村教师政策、重定乡村学校功能、建立乡村共同体,为乡村教师职业作用发挥提供保障。乡村教师也要自身增能,多维度积极参与到乡村振兴中。

The significance of rural teachers in rural areas is not only related to rural education,but also to the overall progress of the rural society,economy and culture.In different historical periods,rural teachers have played many roles,such as enlightening people’s wisdom,influencing the people on moral customs,inheriting culture,coordinating rural governance and participating in agricultural production.With the rapid development of social economy and the infiltration of Western values,the original ethical value judgment in rural culture is covered up by the current utilitarian values.The status of rural teachers in the rural society has declined,and the scope of rural teachers’professional role has narrowed.Under the background of rural revitalization,it is the historical mission of rural teachers in the new era to cultivate young people,revitalize rural culture and realize the combination of personal value and rural social needs.A survey of more than 300 rural teachers in the national-level contiguous poverty-stricken areas of the central and western regions shows that the current professional role of rural teachers is not satisfactory,and it is faced with such difficulties as field narrowing,internal imbalance and subjects imbalance,content generalization,cognitive biases,many hindering factors and so on.The willingness of rural teachers to help the rural revitalization is higher,but the lack of rural education resources,the inadequacy of rural social public service facilities and other adverse factors restrict rural teachers’professional role.Rural teachers need the support of external conditions and their own efforts to help rural revitalization.Therefore,it is necessary for the whole society to form a consensus on the view of great education,implement rural teachers’policies,reset the functions of rural schools,and build rural communities,so as to provide guarantee for rural teachers to play their professional role.Furthermore,rural teachers should increase their ability and actively participate in the revitalization of rural areas.