植物基完全可降解生物塑料的现状及展望

The Present Situation and Prospect of Plant-based Fully Degradable Biological Plastic

当前环境中的塑料污染问题受到全世界关注。用于包装的塑料材料越来越多,产生大量无法降解的固体废物。生物降解塑料被认为是解决塑料废物问题的可能办法,完全可降解塑料可被微生物完全降解,起到很好的保护环境作用。植物在自然条件下可以产生淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、储藏蛋白等聚合物,是天然的可降解高分子材料来源。以植物为基础,完全可生物降解聚合物具有完全的生物可降解性和可再生性,是替代石油基塑料的可行材料。介绍解决塑料污染问题的可能办法及主要几种植物基完全可生物降解塑料研究现状和发展前景。

The issue of plastic pollution in the environment attracts the world’s attention. More and more synthetic plastic materials were used for packaging thus producing a large amount of solid waste that cannot be degraded. Biodegradable plastics were considered to be a possible solution to the problem of plastic waste. Fully biodegradable plastic could be completely degraded by microorganisms, which play a good role in environmental protection. Plants in natural condition could produce polymers such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and storage protein, which were inherent sources of biodegradable polymer materials. Plant-based completely biodegradable polymer had complete biodegradability and reproducibility, and was a feasible alternative to petroleum-based plastics. The possible solutions of plastic pollution, the research status and development prospect of several main plant-based biodegradable plastic were introduced.