温度和土壤酸度对八仙花‘Bailmer’生长发育的影响

Influences of Temperature and Soils Acidity on the Growth and Development of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailmer’

八仙花(Hydrangea macrophylla)作为国内外各大花卉市场热销的盆栽花卉之一,其株型及花色调控一直是栽培种植的难题,为了探究外在环境因素对八仙花盆栽品质的影响,以八仙花品种‘Bailmer’为试验材料,研究不同温度(21、26℃)和酸性土壤(pH为4.5、5.5、6.5)对‘Bailmer’植株生长、光合特性以及花发育的影响。结果表明:经过120 d处理,‘Bailmer’在21和26℃条件下均能生长,但在生长势方面具有显著差异。26℃处理下的‘Bailmer’在株高、叶对数、叶长、叶宽等方面生长指标都显著高于21℃;然而,21℃处理下,植株现蕾率、花色鲜艳度显著高于26℃;在21、26℃处理下,生长在pH 5.5基质上的植株在叶长、叶宽、株高、现蕾期、花期、花色及花序发育等方面都优于其他pH基质上的植株。不同处理之间光合作用的各荧光参数差异不显著。由此可见,21℃有利于‘Bailmer’的花发育和观赏形态建成,26℃则适合于其营养生长。pH 5.5基质更适合‘Bailmer’的生长。

Hydrangea macrophylla is one of the most popular pot flowers in the world. However, controling plant shape and flower color is a problem in its cultivation. It is important to explore the effects of environmental factors on the quality of pot Hydrangea. In this study, the effects of different temperature(21, 26 ℃) and soil pH(4.5, 5.5, 6.5)on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and floral development of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailmer’ were researched. The results showed that ‘Bailmer’ could grow at both of 21 and 26 ℃ after treatment for 120 d, but the growth vigour was significantly different. The growth indexes at 26 ℃, such as plant height, leaf pairs, leaf length, and leaf width, were significantly higher than those at 21 ℃. While, the budding rate and the brightness level of flower color were much higher than 26 ℃. At both 21 and 26 ℃, pH 5.5 was best for plant growth and development according to the growth index, such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width, the budding stage, flowering duration, inflorescence development and flower color. There was no significant differences in the fluorescence parameters among the treatments. It was concluded that, 21 ℃ was more benefit for flower development and ornamental morphogenesis, and 26 ℃ more suitable for vegetative growth of ‘Bailmer’. Moreover, the pH 5.5 was the most suitable to the growth of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailmer’.