谷子花生间作对谷子光合特性及产量的影响

Influences of Millet-Peanut Intercropping on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Millet

为了研究谷子花生不同间作方式对谷子生长发育和产量的影响,选用农大8号和晋花10号为试验材料进行大田试验,设置了谷子单作(T1)、谷子花生2:4间作(T2)、谷子花生3:3间作(T3)、谷子花生4:2间作(T4)、花生单作(T5)共5个处理。结果表明:①与单作相比,间作处理下谷子叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和SPAD值均有不同程度的提高,胞间二氧化碳浓度有所下降。②对于叶绿素荧光参数,间作谷子叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率、电子传递速率、光化学荧光猝灭系数、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性相比较单作均有显著提高,PSⅡ最大量子产量变化不明显。③对于产量指标来说,间作谷子产量相比较单作得到提升,而由于高位谷子遮阴,导致花生通风透光性较差,抑制了花生的生长发育,使其处于间作劣势,但间作处理总体仍具有明显的间作优势,其中T2处理效果最好。研究结果为间作谷子栽培及高产稳产提供了一定的理论依据。

In order to study the effects of different intercropping patterns on the growth and yield of millet, this paper selected Nongda 8 and Jinhua 10 as experimental materials for field experiment, and five treatments were set, including millet monoculture(T1), millet peanut 2:4(T2), millet peanut 3:3(T3), millet peanut 4:2(T4) and peanut monoculture(T5). The results showed that: ① Compared with monoculture, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and SPAD value of millet leaves under different treatments increased to different degrees, and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration decreased. ② For chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the actual photochemical efficiency, electron transfer rate, quenching coefficient of photochemical fluorescence, and potential photochemical activity of PSⅡ in intercropping millet leaves were all significantly improved compared with that in monocropping, while the maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ did not change significantly. ③ For the yield index, the intercropped millet yield was improved compared with the single crop, and the peanut was shaded by the high niche, which caused the peanut to have poor ventilation and light transmission, inhibiting the growth and development of the peanut, making it at a disadvantage, but the intercropping treatment was overall. There was still a significant intercropping advantage, with T2 treatment being the best. The above results provided a theoretical basis for intercropping of millet and high yield and stability.