新中国金融体制变迁的历程、逻辑与经验

The Course, Logic and Experiences of the Transitions of New China’s Financial System

新中国金融体制的变迁可以划分为两大阶段,"前30年"计划经济时期实行"大一统"金融体制;"后40年"改革开放时期以市场化为基本线索不断深化金融体制改革,建立起多元化的金融组织体系,稳步推进利率、汇率市场化改革,不断完善金融监管体系。金融不断适应经济发展需要、金融体制改革与经济体制改革相适应是新中国金融体制变迁的基本逻辑。始终坚持金融本源、立足本国国情、加强有效金融监管,是新中国金融发展的基本经验。

The changes of the financial system in China can be divided into two major phases since 1949. The "large scale unified" financial system was implemented during the "first 30 years" of the planned economic period;the "post 40 years" of reform and opening up continued to deepen the financial system reform with the marketization as the basic clue. Main achievements include establishing a diversified financial organization system, steadily advance market-oriented reforms in interest rates and exchange rates, and continuously improve the financial supervision system. Basic logic of the financial system change in China is a constant adaptation of finance to the needs of economic development and the adaptation of the financial system reform to the economic system reform. It is the basic experience of the financial development to adhere to the origin of finance, base on its own national conditions, and strengthen effective financial supervision.