我国科研诚信政策变迁计量分析

Quantitative Analysis of the Changes of Research Integrity Policy in China

[目的/意义]对我国中央发布的科研诚信政策和地方响应情况的现状及变迁作了分析,以求把握政策发展态势与阶段重点,为科研诚信建设提供支撑,为我国科研诚信政策发展研究提供帮助。[方法/过程]搜集整理108份与科研诚信相关的中央政策及80份参照落实中央政策的地方政策,使用政策文本计算与政策文献量化方法,对政策发布时间、发布机构、政策内容及政策响应情况的现状及其变迁进行分析梳理,得到了政策发布的时间特征、重要机构特征、内容侧重点变化以及政策响应的特征。[结果/结论]①科研诚信相关治理措施早在1980年就有涉及,近年来围绕国家创新建设的需求发文数量骤增,治理的态度更坚决,措施办法也更加具体。②科研诚信的治理由中央政府领导,教育部与科技部是各个阶段的主要管理部门,相关部门逐渐加入进行共同治理,目前已形成合力的格局。③各部门的科研诚信治理着力点、对象与方法略有差异,但总体而言,从方法与目标上来看,逐渐从自我约束、道德教育转变到制度建设与道德建设齐抓共管。④全国范围内绝大多数的地方省市都积极响应了中央政策,采取措施进行科研诚信治理,但相对而言有一定的时滞。

[Purpose/significance]This paper analyses the current situation and changes of the research integrity policy issued by the Chinese central government and the local response,in order to grasp the development trend and stage focus of the policy,provide support for the construction of research integrity,and provide help for the development of research integrity policy in China.[Method/process]This paper collected 108 policies related to research integrity issued by the central government and ministries,and 80 local policies for the implementation of the central policy.By using the policy text computing and policy documents quantitative research method,this paper analyzed and combed the current situation and changes of policy release time,publishing institutions,policy content and policy response,and obtained the time characteristics of policy release.Finally,this paper got the characteristics of the time of policy release,the characteristics of important institutions,the change of content focus and the characteristics of policy response.[Result/conclusion]①Relevant governance measures of research integrity have been involved earlier.In recent years,China has put forward the need to build an innovative country,so the number of policy papers has increased sharply,the attitude to the governance of research integrity is more resolute,and the measures are more specific.②The management of scientific research integrity is led by the central government.The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology are the main administrative departments at all stages.Relevant departments have gradually joined in the joint management.At present,a pattern of joint efforts has been formed.③There are slight differences in the focus,object and method of research integrity governance among different departments,but generally speaking,the trend is to gradually shift from self-restraint,moral education to system construction and moral construction.④The vast majority of local provinces and municipalities throughout the country have responded positively to the central policy and taken measures to improve scientific research integrity,but there is a relative time lag.