抗阿尔茨海默症海藻天然产物及其药理机制研究进展

Advances in the treatment effect of the marine algae-derived compounds on Alzheimer’s Disease and its pharmacological mechanism

阿尔茨海默症(AD)是老年人群发病率最高的神经退性疾病,主要以语言、学习、记忆等认知功能受损及人格改变为特征,目前还没有治疗AD的特效药物,其给社会带来的经济和健康问题日益突出。AD的发病机制十分复杂,人们普遍认为有β淀粉样蛋白沉积假说、tau蛋白假说、神经炎性损伤假说、胆碱能缺失假说和氧化应激假说等多种机制。海洋蕴藏着大量的藻类生物,研究表明来源于海藻的天然产物具有神经保护作用,具有开发成为治疗AD药物的潜力。中国自主研发的昆布来源的甘露寡糖二酸GV971已进入抗AD临床Ⅲ期实验,为AD患者带来了新希望。本文从AD不同发病机制假说角度综述具有抗AD潜力海藻来源的天然产物及其作用机理,为抗AD海藻药物开发提供参考。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly.It is characterized by impaired cognitive function and personality changes such as language,learning,and memory.Currently,there is no specific drug for treating AD.The economic and health problems that have arisen have become increasingly prominent.The pathogenesis of AD is very complicated.It is generally believed that there are many mechanisms such asβamyloid deposition theory,tau protein theory,neuroinflammatory injury theory,cholinergic loss theory and oxidative stress.The sea contains a large number of algae plants.Studies have shown that the natural products derived from algae have neuroprotective effects and have the potential to be developed into AD drugs.The algae-derived mannooligosaccharide GV971,which has been independently developed in China,has entered the phase III trial of anti-Alzheimer’s clinical trials.these have brought new hope to AD patients.In this paper,we review the natural products derived from algae with anti-AD potential and their mechanism of action from the perspective of different pathogenesis hypotheses of AD,and provide reference for the development of anti-AD seaweed drugs.