基于新制度主义视角的同行评议制度探析

An Analysis of the Peer Review System from the Perspective of new Institutionalism

在新制度主义看来,制度首先由规制性要素组成,它与法律制裁有关,受法律、规则等约束。规范性要素指向价值观念,关涉群体间在追逐利益最大化时博弈的行动准则,强调社会秩序化这一重要前提;文化—认知性要素包括符号、意义等,与文化的理解和认可有着密切的关系,具有模仿性,强调构建一种社会共同理解的意义认知框架。基于新制度主义视角,同行评议制度的规制性要素主要表现为一系列“护航”同行评议实施的规章和政策;规范性要素主要表现为学术伦理的自律和他律两个方面;文化—认知性要素主要表现为个体在互动中逐渐认知和理解同行评议中的意义符号系统,进而在捕捉价值共识的过程中达成统一的价值信念。可从以下三方面对同行评议制度建设困境进行路径突破:利益冲突的突围与治理—确保规制性要素,学术规范的建设与遵循—完善规范性要素,学术文化的构筑与认同—提升文化—认知性要素。

In the view of the new institutionalism,the system first consists of regulatory elements,which are related to legal sanctions and subject to the constraints of laws and rules.The normative elements point to the value concept,which concerns the action criterion of the game between groups in pursuit of the maximization of benefits,and emphasizes the important premise of social order.Culture-cognitive elements include symbols,meanings,etc.,which are closely related to cultural understanding and recognition.They are imitative and emphasize the construction of a meaning cognitive framework of social common understanding.Based on the perspective of new institutionalism,the regulatory elements of peer review system are mainly manifested as a series of rules and policies that“escort”the implementation of peer review.The normative elements are mainly embodied in the self-discipline and heteronomy of academic ethics.The culture-cognitive elements are mainly manifested as the gradual recognition and understanding of the meaning symbol system in peer review in the interaction between individuals,so as to reach a unified value belief in the process of capturing the value consensus.The following three aspects can be used to break through the dilemma of peer review system construction:the breakthrough and governance of conflict of interest—ensuring regulatory elements,the construction and compliance of academic norms—improving normative elements,the construction and identification of academic culture—enhancing culture-cognitive elements.