经学之醉与玄学之醉——书《世说新语·文学》后

To be Drunk in Confucian Classics and Metaphysics:a Commentary to Shi Shuo Xin Yu:Literature

魏晋时代,玄学兴起,与经学处于紧张的态势。二者对于礼法的态度,成为争论的焦点之一。名教与自然之辩、方外方内之别,皆以此展开。但抽象的话语论争背后,是不同生命精神的碰撞。《世说新语·文学》依照时代,通过轶事,记载了经学到玄学的转变。其中记载郑玄饮酒温克,与刘伶《酒德颂》两条,相互照应,可见经学家与玄学家因饮酒展现了对名教和礼乐的不同体察。酒试图解除禁锢人原始生命力的枷锁。但枷锁的解除,一方面释放了生命力,一方面也有使欲望决堤的危险。经学家警惕后者,玄学家看重前者。他们未始不可以在酒中得到和解。同时,中国哲学中的另一意象——方内与方外,亦可由此达到统一。

During the Wei and Jin dynasties,Xuan Xue or metaphysics was rising,which had tension with the study of Confucian classics.The attitudes of the ritual had become one of the focus of debate.The distinction between moral laws and nature,and the differences between outside and inside were all based on this.But behind the abstract discourse debate was the collision of different life spirits.Shi Shuo Xin Yu:Literature recorded the transition from classics to metaphysics through anecdotes.It recorded that Zheng Xuan drank with a rational attitude,while Liu Ling fuddled and wrote his Song of Wine.It could be seen that the classical scholars and metaphysicians showed different perceptions of moral laws and rituals due to drinking.The wine tried to lift the shackles of the original vitality of the captive.However,the lifting of the locks,on the one hand,releases vitality,and on the other hand,there is the danger that the desire will come to an end.Confucianists were wary of the latter,and metaphysicians value the former.They couldn’t be reconciled in the wine before they began.At the same time,the other image in Chinese philosophy,inside and outside,can also be unified.