中国现代文学社会历史批评的尝试——李长之的文学批评理念建构

An Attempt at Social and Historical Criticism of Modern Chinese Literature:the Construction of LI Changzhi’s Idea of Literary Criticism

李长之是中国现代著名的文学批评家,尽管他的文学批评理论没有形成完整的体系,但他对文学批评的某些特定理念的阐述是非常深刻的。中国传统的“知人论世”观和西方的社会历史批评为李长之的文学批评提供了理论和方法,他试图建构起自己的社会历史批评理念。他从主体、形式和情感等方面来建构自己的文学批评理念,对于中国现代文学社会历史批评是一次重要的尝试且具有示范作用。他强调作为主体的文学批评家必须具备很高的哲学、文学和美学理论素养以及历史文化视野与审美感受能力。他也强调文学批评形式的逻辑性、科学性和艺术性。同时,他肯定情感对于文学批评的重要性,情感的个体化决定了李长之对于文学批评对象的选择和好恶,情感对他的批评个性和风格产生重要影响,给文学批评带来了情感性和诗意性。这是他文学批评理念的深刻之处。但是,他对于批评家个体情感在文学批评过程中的过分强调,以及对文学批评的科学性所造成的一定程度的损伤是具有片面性的。

Li Changzhi is a famous literary critic in modern China.Although his theory of literary criticism has not formed a complete system,his elaboration on some specific ideas of literary criticism is very profound.The traditional Chinese view of knowing people and discussing the world and the western social and historical criticism provided the theory and method for Li Changzhi’s literary criticism.He tried to construct his own social and historical criticism idea.He constructs his own literary criticism idea from the aspects of subject,form and emotion,which is an important attempt and demonstration for the social and historical criticism of modern Chinese literature.He stressed that as the subject of literary critics,literature critics must have a good command of philosophy,literature and aesthetic theory,as well as the ability of historical and cultural vision and aesthetic feelings.He emphasized the logicality,scientificity and artistry of literary criticism.He affirmed the importance of emotion for literary criticism.The individuation of emotion determines Li Changzhi’s choice and likes and dislikes for the object of literary criticism.Emotion has an important influence on his characteristics and styles of criticism,which brings emotional and poetic characteristics to literary criticism,which is the profundity of his idea of literary criticism.However,he overemphasized the individual emotions of critics in the process of literary criticism,and at the same time,he also damaged the scientificity of literary criticism to a certain extent,for this one-sided style.