海洋数值模型发展及其在海洋生物扩散模拟研究中的应用进展

Progress of numerical ocean model and its application in dispersal modelling of marine organisms:A review

以生物体在大洋中的扩散为核心,总结了相关研究成果,综述了目前海洋数值模型发展及其在海洋生物扩散模拟研究中的应用进展和展望,旨在为深入研究海洋数值模型与生物生态模型的耦合及其在生物生态研究上的应用提供参考。首先从海洋模型的发展历史入手,对比了不同海洋模型的配置方式,并列举目前全球应用最为广泛的几个模型,包括混合坐标大洋环流模型(HYCOM)、非结构有限体积法海洋模型(FVCOM)与区域海洋模型系统(ROMS),分析其特点及相关应用。此外,针对生物体扩散的3个基本阶段:释放、输送以及沉降,列举目前研究生物体扩散的3种基本研究方法,包括遗传基因法、元素标记法以及模型法,并在此基础上进一步探讨了海洋数值模型在生物体扩散中的应用。结果表明,模型法相对于其他两种方法而言是最优的方法,其可操作性和经济性最为适宜,但模型法的发展空间还很大,还有很多需要攻克的难题。海洋数值模型在生物体扩散研究中的应用实例进一步表明,利用物理模型与生物模型耦合是目前最为有效的手段。生物体扩散的成功建模需同时考虑模型自身的适应性以及生物体本身的行为,通过不断调试模拟生物扩散过程,进而择优选择。此外,开发出精度更高、实用性更强、兼容性更优的海洋模型是需要攻克的另一难题。目前,由于气候条件复杂、可获得数据资料较少等因素,大洋区域生物体扩散研究较为有限,但随着科技的进步,大洋区域数据资料的积累、适宜大洋区域海洋模型的开发,对大洋区域的生物体扩散研究必将成为趋势。

The numerical ocean model has been developed for a long time and has become an important tool for studying marine environment,marine biology and ecology.The application of ocean numerical model as a carrier for the dispersion of marine species has always been one of hot scientific topics.This paper takes the dispersion of organisms in the ocean as the core,summarizes the relevant research results,and clarifies the current development of marine numerical models and their simulations applied in marine species.The results will provide references for studying the coupling between numerical ocean model and biological and ecological models and their applications in biology and ecology of marine animals.From the history of the ocean model development,the configuration of ocean models was compared,and their characteristics and applications were analyzed by enumerating the most widely used models worldwide,including HYCOM(hybrid coordinate ocean model),FVCOM(finite volume community ocean model)and ROMS(regional ocean modeling system).In addition,in view of the three basic stages,the spread of organisms’release,transport and settlement,this review summarizes three basic research methods of biological dispersion,including genetics,elemental tagging and modelling method,the application of the ocean model to the simulation of the transport of marine species was also summarized and discussed.The results show that,compared to the other two methods,the modelling method,with its most suitable maneuverability and economy,is the optimum one.Marine numerical models are widely used in the study of biological dispersion,examples from both large-scale fish species and small-scale plankton further show that the coupling of physical model and biological model is the most effective means to solve the problem of biological dispersion.The successful modelling of biological dispersion needs to consider both the adaptability of the model and the behavior of the organism itself.The selection of an appropriate model to simulate the biological dispersion process needs to be adjusted continuously and then the optimal selection is made.Moreover,developing more accurate,practical and compatible ocean models is another problem that scientists need to overcome.Actually current biological dispersion studies mostly focus on the offshore area,the open sea area is less concerned and the research approaches are limited due to the complexity of climate conditions and less data available,but with the progressing of science and technology,data accumulation in the open sea area,the development of model suitable for the open sea area,the studies on organism dispersion research in the open sea area will become a trend.