现阶段俄中经济关系

Russia-China Economic Relations at the Present Stage

近年来,俄中双边经济关系持续稳定发展。2017-2018年俄中贸易大幅增长,2018年两国贸易额首次突破1000亿美元。中国是俄罗斯主要的贸易伙伴,俄罗斯则是中国第10大贸易伙伴。原材料市场价格上涨、俄罗斯经济复苏、卢布升值、消费需求增加,以及中国经济稳定增长等因素对两国贸易产生了积极影响。俄罗斯对华出口的主要商品包括矿物燃料、石油、石油制品、木材、木制品、农产品和粮食,中国对俄出口的大宗商品则为机器、设备和交通工具。2017-2018年,俄中经济合作出现积极变化,开始从依赖实施大项目转向真正意义的贸易关系。2017年俄罗斯企业在华投资项目增至211个,但俄对华直接投资规模仍很小。中国对俄投资主要流向能源领域。在两国经济保持平稳增长、取消俄罗斯商品首先是农产品和粮食对华市场出口限制、中国企业更加活跃地开辟俄罗斯市场的条件下,双边贸易额将大幅增长,实现两国领导人提出的目标。俄罗斯企业缺乏向国际市场供应商品的必要知识、开拓国际市场过程中协调不足、产品认证和知识产权保护薄弱等因素制约了俄出口规模的扩大。必须实现两国贸易商品结构多样化,大力发展交通和物流特别是跨境基础设施建设。

In recent years,China-Russia bilateral economic relations have continued to develop steadily.From 2017 to 2018,China-Russia trade increased significantly,and the trade volume between the two countries exceeded US$100 billion for the first time in 2018.China was Russia’s main trading partner while Russia was China’s 10 th largest trading partner.Factors such as rising market prices of raw materials,the recovery of the Russian economy,the appreciation of the ruble,increased consumer demand,and the steady growth of the Chinese economy had had a positive impact on the trade between the two countries.The main commodities that Russia exported to China included fossil fuels,petroleum,petroleum products,wood,wood products,agricultural products,and grain.The main commodities that China exported to Russia were machinery,equipment,and transportation.From 2017 to 2018,positive changes had taken place in Russia-China economic cooperation,and it had begun to shift from relying on the implementation of large projects to truly meaningful trade relations.In 2017,Russian companies’investment projects in China increased to 211,but the scale of Russian direct investment in China was still small.Chinese investment in Russia mainly flew to the energy sector.Under the conditions of steady economic growth of the two countries,removal of Russian goods,first of all export restrictions on agricultural products and grains in China,and Chinese enterprises opening up the Russian market more vigorously,the bilateral trade volume had increased substantially to achieve the goals set by the leaders of the two countries.Russian enterprises lacked the necessary knowledge to supply commodities to the international market,insufficient coordination in the development of the international market,weak product certification and weak intellectual property protection and other factors,which had restricted the expansion of Russian export scale.It is necessary to diversify the trade commodity structure of the two countries and vigorously develop transportation and logistics,especially cross-border infrastructure construction.