学校纪律惩戒的价值诉求与实现--在报应主义与功利主义之间

Value Appeal and Realization of School Disciplinary Punishment——Between Retributionalism and Utilitarianism

报应主义与功利主义惩罚观是惩罚价值哲学的两大理论,各有其合理成分和局限性。学校纪律惩戒要取长补短、实现二者平衡,以实现教育的根本追求和促进人的发展为价值诉求。当前,学校纪律惩戒的价值实现面临着诸多报应与功利失衡带来的实践困境。要突破困境,实现学校纪律惩戒的价值追求,可采取以下策略:以正义的立足点,正确认识纪律惩戒;重新审视规则,制定合理的学校纪律准则;坚守道德立场,探寻学校纪律惩戒的方式方法;注重个性化惩戒和个性化教育、一般预防与特殊预防兼顾。

Retributionalism and utilitarianism are the two major theories of value philosophy of punishment,and each has its reasonable elements and limitations.The school disciplinary punishment must balance and make the best of the two theories to achieve the fundamental pursuit of education and the value pursuit of promoting the development of people.However,the value realization of school discipline and punishment is confronted with many difficulties brought about by the imbalance of retribution and utility.The following strategies can be adopted to overcome the difficulties and to realize the value pursuit of school disciplinary punishment:having a correct understanding of disciplinary punishment based on justice,making reasonable rules of school discipline by reviewing the rules,exploring the ways of disciplinary punishment hy adhering to the moral position,and giving consideration to the personalized punishment and education as well as the general prevention and the special prevention.