论张载的理学纲领与气论定位

Zhang Zai’s Neo-Confucian Guiding Principle and the Positioning of His Material Force Theory

20世纪50年代以降,学术界流行的气论定位方式是,把"气"置于张载根本概念序列的首位,或把"气"视为张载哲学的最高范畴。这样给张载气论定位,是为了给张载哲学定性。在早期的张载哲学研究中,将其定性为"以气为本"或"唯物论"的观点居于主流地位。研究视角不同,张载气论定位方式及其结果也将不同。有必要使用不同于"性质视角"的新视角亦即"纲领视角",对张载哲学进行新的探索。本文首先对张载理学纲领的不同理解进行辨识认定与文献确证,然后对张载理学纲领的意义进行整体性诠释,最后在张载理学的纲领视角下对张载气论进行新的定位。

Academic studies of Zhang Zai’s material force theory once tended to put the theory at the top of his series of concepts,as the topmost category of his Neo-Confucian philosophy.Thus,Zhang’s philosophy was characterized by material force as the substance or as a theory pertaining to materialism.This represents a qualitative perspective in the study of his philosophy.Nowadays it is necessary to explore Zhang’s philosophy from a new perspective oriented to his guiding principle.This paper examines various understandings of Zhang’s Neo-Confucian guiding principle on the basis of corroborating documents,provides a holistic interpretation of the significance of his guiding principle,and finally proposes,from the guiding principle-oriented perspective,a new positioning of Zhang’s material force theory.