名士漫游与东晋山水诗的兴起

Mountain and River Roaming and the Rise of the Landscape Poetry in Eastern Jin Dynasty

东晋名士的山水漫游,至衣冠南渡二十余年后方始成风气,当此之际,曾郁积于过江者内心的家国悲思已基本消退。时人之出游山水,原为放松身心和寻求快乐,但其最终所得却往往是无法掩饰的苦恼惆怅。这主要是因为相较于人类的个体生命,自然山水的存续时间要远为恒久;漫游其间,东晋名士在体验到审美愉快的同时,也易感悟到自己的人生过于短促。当他们将此类感悟与山水之美一并表现出来,其所赋之诗便有了玄思成分。诗中玄思虽表面看显得旨趣超迈,寄意高远,但它实际关涉的依旧是时间迁逝和生死问题。上述情况一直延续到东晋晚期才始见新变,而最能体现出这种新变的即是庐山诸道人的石门游与湛方生的山水诗。

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the mountains and rivers roaming became popular after more than 20 years of changing the crown to the south. At this time,the grief of the homeland that had been trapped in the river-crossing people had basically subsided.People traveled to the mountains and rivers to relax the body and mind and seek happiness,but the ultimate gains were often distressed. This was mainly because compared with the individual life of human beings, the natural landscape had a long lasting time.During the roaming period,the Eastern Jin Dynasty celebrities were more likely to realize that their lives were too short while experiencing aesthetic pleasure. When they combined such sentiments with the beauty of the landscape,the poems they endowed had the element of metaphysics. Although the metaphysics in the poems appeared super purposeful and ambitious on the surface,it was actually related to the passage of time as well as life and death. The above situation continued to see the new changes until the late Eastern Jin Dynasty,and the most obvious manifestations of this new change were the Taoist priests’ Shi Men traveling who were from Lushan Mountain and the Zhan Fangsheng’s landscape poems.