论清末民初报章政论文的演变及其现代意义——以王韬、梁启超、章士钊为中心

On the Evolution and Modern Significance of Newspaper’s Political Comment in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China:Taking Wang Tao,Liang Qichao,Zhang Shizhao as the Center

清末报纸的出现,使当时的政论文为之一变。先是出现了王韬的报章政论文,其以说理为主,间杂抒情。其说理方式往往据事言理,或直抒胸臆。梁启超在继承前人的基础上,借用日本词汇、语法对之进行改造,从而创造了一种"笔锋常带感情"的"新文体"。在说理方式上,梁启超一方面继承了王韬的据事言理及直抒胸臆,另一方面又运用类比推理,结合比喻、排比、夸张等修辞手段,并采取偏激的言说方式,使得抒情性成为其报章政论文的突出特征。民国初年前后,由于历史文化语境的变化,报章政论文整体由以情动人转向朴实说理。在此潮流中,章士钊将西方逻辑学运用于报章政论文的写作中,并借用英语语法对古文进行改造,创造出逻辑严密、层次谨严的"逻辑文"。随着纯文学观念的引入,白话文的兴起,文言体报章政论文逐渐退出了历史的舞台,但它们在语言、文法、思想、政治意识等方面对现代白话文产生过多方面的积极影响。

The appearance of newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty changed the political papers at that time. First,there appeared Wang Tao’s newspaper political comment, which was mainly reasoning and mingled with lyric voice. On the basis of inheriting the predecessors,Liang Qichao transformed it with Japanese vocabulary and grammar,thus creating a "new style"with "the pen is often full of emotion". On the way of reasoning,Liang inherited Wang Tao’s arguing manner and lyric voice. On the other hand,he used analogical reasoning,combined with metaphor,parallel construction,exaggeration and other rhetorical means,and took the extreme way of saying,making lyricism as a prominent feature of his political papers. Around the early years of the Republic of China,due to the changes in historical and cultural context,newspaper political comment as a whole changed from emotional appeal to simple reason. In this trend,Zhang Shizhao applied western logic to the writing of newspaper political comment,and used English grammar to transform the ancient prose,creating a well arranged,strict"logical article". With the introduction of pure literary concepts and the rise of vernacular Chinese,the newspaper political comment in classical Chinese gradually withdrew from the stage of history. However,they had too many positive effects on modern vernacular Chinese in terms of language,grammar,ideology and political consciousness.